top casino games for beginners: a comprehensive guide

Embarking on a journey into the world of casino games can be both exciting and daunting for beginners. With a plethora of options available, it’s essential to start with games that are easy to understand and offer a fair chance of winning. This guide will introduce you to the top casino games that are perfect for beginners, ensuring you have a smooth and enjoyable experience. 1. Slot Machines Overview Slot machines, also known as fruit machines or one-armed bandits, are the most popular casino games worldwide.

  • Cash King Palace
    new
    Royal Wins100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Starlight Betting Lounge
    Celestial Bet100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Lucky Ace Palace
    Luck&Luxury100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Spin Palace Casino
    Win Big Now100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Golden Spin Casino
    Luxury Play100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Silver Fox Slots
    Elegance+Fun100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Diamond Crown Casino
    Opulence & Fun100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Lucky Ace Casino
    Luck&Luxury100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Royal Fortune Gaming
    Opulence & Thrills100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Victory Slots Resort
    Spin to Win100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more

top casino games for beginners: a comprehensive guide

Embarking on a journey into the world of casino games can be both exciting and daunting for beginners. With a plethora of options available, it’s essential to start with games that are easy to understand and offer a fair chance of winning. This guide will introduce you to the top casino games that are perfect for beginners, ensuring you have a smooth and enjoyable experience.

1. Slot Machines

Overview

Slot machines, also known as fruit machines or one-armed bandits, are the most popular casino games worldwide. They are simple to play and require no prior knowledge or skill.

How to Play

  • Insert Coins/Tokens: Place your bet by inserting coins or tokens into the machine.
  • Choose Paylines: Select the number of paylines you wish to activate.
  • Spin the Reels: Press the spin button to start the reels.
  • Winning: If the symbols on the reels match a winning combination, you win a payout according to the machine’s paytable.

Why It’s Great for Beginners

  • Easy to Understand: No complex rules or strategies.
  • Variety: Numerous themes and bonus features to keep the game interesting.
  • Low Stakes: You can start with very low bets, making it affordable for beginners.

2. Baccarat

Overview

Baccarat is a card game that is often associated with high rollers, but it is surprisingly simple and suitable for beginners.

How to Play

  • Choose a Bet: You can bet on the Player, Banker, or a Tie.
  • Deal Cards: The dealer deals two cards each to the Player and Banker.
  • Natural Win: If either the Player or Banker has an 8 or 9, they win (a natural).
  • Draw a Third Card: If neither has a natural, a third card may be drawn according to specific rules.
  • Determine the Winner: The hand closest to 9 wins.

Why It’s Great for Beginners

  • Simple Rules: The rules are straightforward, with no need for complex strategies.
  • Low House Edge: Baccarat has one of the lowest house edges among casino games.
  • Fast-Paced: Quick rounds make it engaging and easy to follow.

3. Roulette

Overview

Roulette is a classic casino game that involves a spinning wheel and a ball. It’s a game of chance that is easy to learn.

How to Play

  • Place Bets: Choose where you want to place your chips on the roulette table.
  • Spin the Wheel: The dealer spins the wheel and drops the ball.
  • Winning: If the ball lands on your chosen number or bet type, you win.

Why It’s Great for Beginners

  • Multiple Bet Types: You can bet on a single number, a range of numbers, or even colors.
  • Visual Appeal: The spinning wheel and ball add to the excitement.
  • Social Game: Often played in a group, making it a social experience.

4. Blackjack

Overview

Blackjack is a card game where the goal is to get as close to 21 as possible without going over. It’s a game that combines luck and strategy.

How to Play

  • Deal Cards: Each player and the dealer receive two cards.
  • Hit or Stand: You can choose to take more cards (hit) or keep your current hand (stand).
  • Winning: If your hand is closer to 21 than the dealer’s without going over, you win.

Why It’s Great for Beginners

  • Basic Strategy: Simple strategies can help you make better decisions.
  • Low House Edge: With the right strategy, the house edge can be minimized.
  • Interactive: You make decisions throughout the game, making it engaging.

5. Craps

Overview

Craps is a dice game that can seem intimidating at first, but it’s actually quite simple once you understand the basics.

How to Play

  • Place Bets: You can bet on the outcome of the roll or a series of rolls.
  • Roll the Dice: The shooter rolls the dice, and the outcome determines the winner.
  • Winning: If the dice result matches your bet, you win.

Why It’s Great for Beginners

  • Simple Bets: Start with simple bets like Pass Line or Don’t Pass Line.
  • High Energy: The fast-paced nature and communal aspect make it exciting.
  • Potential for Big Wins: Some bets offer high payouts, adding to the thrill.

Starting with these top casino games for beginners will give you a solid foundation in the world of gambling. Each game offers a unique experience, from the simplicity of slot machines to the strategic depth of blackjack. As you become more comfortable, you can explore more complex games and strategies, but for now, enjoy the journey and have fun!

bwin blackjack live free

Introduction to bwin Blackjack Live Free

bwin, a renowned name in the online gambling industry, offers a wide range of casino games, including the popular game of Blackjack. One of the standout features of bwin’s Blackjack offering is the “Live Free” version, which allows players to experience the thrill of live Blackjack without any financial risk. This article delves into the details of bwin’s Blackjack Live Free, exploring its features, benefits, and how to get started.

What is bwin Blackjack Live Free?

Definition

bwin Blackjack Live Free is a version of the classic card game Blackjack that is played in real-time with live dealers, but without the need for real money bets. This mode is designed to provide players with a risk-free environment to practice their skills, learn the rules, and enjoy the game.

Key Features

  • Live Dealers: Play with real dealers in real-time.
  • No Real Money: No financial risk involved.
  • Practice Mode: Ideal for honing your Blackjack skills.
  • Realistic Experience: Enjoy the same atmosphere as a real casino.

How to Play bwin Blackjack Live Free

Step-by-Step Guide

  1. Create an Account: If you don’t already have one, sign up for a bwin account.
  2. Navigate to the Casino Section: Once logged in, go to the casino section of the bwin website.
  3. Select Blackjack: Find the Blackjack game and choose the “Live Free” option.
  4. Start Playing: Join a table and start playing without any real money bets.

Tips for Beginners

  • Understand the Rules: Familiarize yourself with the basic rules of Blackjack before playing.
  • Practice Basic Strategy: Use the free mode to practice basic Blackjack strategy.
  • Observe the Dealers: Pay attention to how the dealers handle the game to learn best practices.

Benefits of Playing bwin Blackjack Live Free

Skill Development

  • Improved Strategy: Practice makes perfect. The free mode allows you to refine your Blackjack strategy without financial pressure.
  • Confidence Building: Gain confidence in your gameplay before transitioning to real money games.

Entertainment Value

  • No Risk, All Fun: Enjoy the excitement of live Blackjack without any financial risk.
  • Realistic Environment: Experience the ambiance of a real casino from the comfort of your home.

Accessibility

  • Available 247: Play whenever you want, as the free mode is available around the clock.
  • No Deposit Required: No need to make a deposit to enjoy the game.

bwin Blackjack Live Free offers an excellent opportunity for both beginners and seasoned players to enjoy the game of Blackjack in a risk-free environment. With live dealers, realistic gameplay, and the ability to practice without financial risk, it’s a feature that enhances the overall bwin casino experience. Whether you’re looking to improve your skills or simply have fun, bwin Blackjack Live Free is a fantastic option.

bovada blackjack free

Bovada, a leading online casino, offers a wide range of games, including the classic card game Blackjack. For those who want to experience the thrill of Blackjack without risking real money, Bovada provides a free version of the game. This guide will walk you through everything you need to know about playing free Blackjack on Bovada.

Why Play Free Blackjack on Bovada?

Playing free Blackjack on Bovada offers several advantages:

  • No Risk: You can enjoy the game without worrying about losing money.
  • Practice: Hone your skills and strategies without any financial pressure.
  • Accessibility: Play anytime, anywhere, without the need for real money deposits.
  • Fun: Experience the excitement of Blackjack without any commitment.

How to Access Free Blackjack on Bovada

Accessing the free version of Blackjack on Bovada is straightforward:

  1. Create an Account: If you don’t already have one, sign up for a Bovada account. This is a quick and easy process.
  2. Navigate to the Casino Section: Once logged in, go to the casino section of the Bovada website.
  3. Select Blackjack: Browse through the available games and select Blackjack.
  4. Choose the Free Version: Look for the option to play for free. This is usually indicated by a “Practice Play” or “Free Play” button.

Tips for Playing Free Blackjack

While playing for free, you can still apply some strategies to improve your gameplay:

  • Understand the Rules: Familiarize yourself with the basic rules of Blackjack.
  • Practice Basic Strategy: Use this opportunity to practice the optimal moves for each hand.
  • Learn Betting Strategies: Experiment with different betting patterns to see what works best for you.
  • Stay Disciplined: Even though it’s free, maintain discipline to avoid developing bad habits.

Benefits of Playing Free Blackjack

Playing free Blackjack on Bovada offers several benefits:

  • Skill Development: Improve your Blackjack skills without financial risk.
  • Strategy Testing: Experiment with various strategies to find what suits you best.
  • Entertainment: Enjoy the game purely for fun and excitement.
  • No Deposit Required: No need to make a deposit to start playing.

Bovada’s free Blackjack option is an excellent way for both beginners and experienced players to enjoy the game without any financial commitment. Whether you’re looking to practice your skills, test new strategies, or simply have fun, Bovada’s free Blackjack provides a risk-free environment to do so. So, why not give it a try and see how well you can do?

bovada free blackjack

Blackjack is one of the most popular casino games worldwide, and Bovada offers a fantastic platform for both beginners and seasoned players. Whether you’re looking to practice your skills or just enjoy a game for fun, Bovada’s free blackjack option is a great way to experience the thrill of the game without any financial risk.

What is Bovada Free Blackjack?

Bovada Free Blackjack is a virtual version of the classic casino game where players can enjoy all the excitement of blackjack without having to wager real money. This option is perfect for those who want to:

  • Hone their blackjack skills
  • Learn the rules and strategies
  • Enjoy the game without financial risk

How to Play Bovada Free Blackjack

Playing free blackjack on Bovada is straightforward and can be done in a few simple steps:

  1. Create an Account: If you don’t already have a Bovada account, you’ll need to sign up. The process is quick and easy, and you won’t need to provide any payment information since you’re playing for free.

  2. Navigate to the Blackjack Section: Once logged in, navigate to the blackjack section of the Bovada casino. Here, you’ll find various blackjack games, including the free version.

  3. Select Free Play: Choose the free blackjack option. This will load the game with virtual chips, allowing you to play without any real money involved.

  4. Start Playing: Once the game loads, you can start playing right away. The rules and gameplay are the same as in a real money game, so you can practice your strategies and enjoy the game.

Benefits of Playing Bovada Free Blackjack

1. Risk-Free Practice

Playing free blackjack allows you to practice without the pressure of losing money. This is ideal for beginners who are still learning the ropes or for experienced players who want to try out new strategies.

2. Learn the Rules

Blackjack has specific rules that can be complex for new players. Free play gives you the opportunity to familiarize yourself with these rules without any financial commitment.

3. Develop Strategies

Experienced players can use free blackjack to test and refine their strategies. This can be particularly useful for advanced techniques like card counting, which can be practiced without risking any money.

4. Enjoy the Game

Sometimes, you just want to enjoy the game without the stress of winning or losing. Free blackjack provides a fun and relaxing way to experience the thrill of the game.

Tips for Playing Bovada Free Blackjack

  • Understand the Basics: Make sure you understand the basic rules of blackjack before diving in. This will help you make better decisions during the game.
  • Practice Regularly: The more you play, the better you’ll get. Use free blackjack as a regular practice tool to improve your skills.
  • Learn from Mistakes: Since there’s no financial risk, use free play to make mistakes and learn from them. This will help you avoid similar errors when playing for real money.

Bovada Free Blackjack is an excellent option for anyone looking to enjoy the game without any financial risk. Whether you’re a beginner or an experienced player, free blackjack offers a great way to practice, learn, and have fun. So, why not give it a try and see how well you can do?

Source

  1. how to play european blackjack: a comprehensive guide for beginners
  2. top casino games for beginners: a comprehensive guide
  3. how to play craps: a comprehensive guide for beginners
  4. how to play craps: a comprehensive guide for beginners
  5. how to play european blackjack: a comprehensive guide for beginners
  6. how to play european blackjack: a comprehensive guide for beginners

Frequently Questions

Can bet355 be your go-to guide for online sports betting and casino games?

Bet365 is a leading platform for online sports betting and casino games, offering a comprehensive range of options. Known for its user-friendly interface and extensive sports coverage, Bet365 provides real-time betting on various sports events and a diverse selection of casino games. Its competitive odds and reliable customer service make it a top choice for both beginners and seasoned bettors. Whether you're into football, horse racing, or poker, Bet365 ensures a seamless and enjoyable gaming experience. With secure transactions and a commitment to fair play, it's a trusted guide for anyone looking to engage in online sports betting and casino games.

What are the best online casino betting sites for beginners?

For beginners, the best online casino betting sites offer user-friendly interfaces, generous bonuses, and comprehensive guides. Top picks include Betway Casino, known for its intuitive design and extensive game variety, and 888 Casino, which provides a $20 no-deposit bonus and a step-by-step guide to games. LeoVegas Casino is another excellent choice, featuring a mobile-first approach and a wide range of slots and table games. These platforms prioritize safety with licenses from reputable authorities, ensuring a secure and enjoyable gaming experience for new players.

 

How effective is 4rabet as a guide for online betting and casino games?

4rabet is a comprehensive guide for online betting and casino games, offering a user-friendly platform with a wide range of sports and casino options. It provides detailed insights, tips, and strategies to enhance your betting experience. The site's interface is intuitive, making navigation easy for both beginners and seasoned players. Additionally, 4rabet offers competitive odds and a variety of bonuses, including welcome offers and loyalty rewards. Its customer support is responsive and helpful, ensuring a smooth experience. Overall, 4rabet is an effective guide that caters to diverse betting preferences, making it a top choice for online gaming enthusiasts.

What is the ultimate guide to online sports betting and casino games at Bet265?

Bet265 offers a comprehensive guide to online sports betting and casino games, ensuring a seamless experience for both beginners and seasoned players. Their platform features detailed tutorials on various sports betting markets, including football, basketball, and horse racing, as well as an extensive selection of casino games like slots, poker, and roulette. Bet265 emphasizes responsible gambling, providing tools and resources to help users manage their gaming activities. With secure transactions, 24/7 customer support, and a user-friendly interface, Bet265 is a top choice for online gaming enthusiasts. Start your journey with Bet265 today for a safe and enjoyable betting experience.

How effective is Bet265 as a guide for online sports betting and casino games?

Bet265 is widely regarded as a top guide for online sports betting and casino games, offering a comprehensive platform with extensive coverage of sports events and a variety of casino games. Its user-friendly interface, real-time updates, and competitive odds make it a preferred choice for both beginners and seasoned bettors. Bet265 also provides valuable resources such as expert analysis, live streaming, and a robust customer support system, enhancing the overall betting experience. However, like any platform, success depends on individual strategy and responsible gambling practices.